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  •   Home > News > Living & Travel

    The Catholic Church had always resisted a North American pope. Is Leo XIV the anti-Trump?

    The election of Pope Leo XIV brings the Catholic Church closer to the United States in a way it has never been before, but with that comes a unique challenge.


    In just a week, Donald Trump has gone from sharing the almost blasphemous image of himself as a pope to posting the uncharacteristically subdued message congratulating Chicago-born cardinal Robert Prevost on his election to the head of the Catholic Church.

    Vice-President JD Vance has also been on his best behaviour, posting a message of congratulations, saying: "I'm sure millions of American Catholics and other Christians will pray for his successful work leading the church."

    Trump is all about "America First" and his supporters are self-described patriots. And the election of Pope Leo XIV has put one of their fellow citizens at the top of one of the world's oldest institutions for the first time.

    But in these deeply fractious ideological times, it is not so simple to suggest all the America First faithful would be happy with this result.

    "The selection of a pope born in the United States surprised almost everyone," professor of religion at Dartmouth College Randall Balmer told the ABC.

    Leo was born in the United States, but he has had long stints working in Peru and, like Pope Francis, represents the global church.

    And when it comes to some of the most divisive issues in American society, in his recent history, Leo has positioned himself on the same side as Francis — someone the traditionalist Catholics within the MAGA movement "hated".

    In his speech on the balcony over St Peter's Square, Leo thanked Francis and talked about building bridges: "Help each other to build bridges — with dialogue, with encounter, uniting all of us to be one people always in peace."

    In his address he signalled he would keep the Catholic Church on the path his close friend Francis was paving, one that taking the church to as many people as possible.

    "Allow me to continue that same blessing," Leo said.

    Conservative Catholics in the US wanted a pope who would have a focus on theological doctrine.

    MAGA heavyweight Steve Bannon talked about his issue with "globalist" pontiffs who want to broaden the church.

    In Leo, traditionalist Catholics in the US are likely to be "bitterly disappointed".

    "Leo XIV seems to list toward the progressive side," Dr Balmer said.

    "The early thinking is that he's likely to chart roughly the same course that Francis did, that is to say working slowly and cautiously toward a broader and more inclusive church."

    Like Francis, the man who is now Leo has a history of correcting the vice-president on his attempts to use Catholic teachings to justify the Trump administration's hardline immigration policy.

    Like Francis, Robert Prevost has promoted pastoral care, especially when it came to the plight of migrants.

    And with Francis, the man who has become his successor worked to elevate bishops around the world to cardinals. As they did that, they failed to tap one very notable conservative American for the promotion.

    So the election of Leo brings the Catholic Church closer to the US in a way it has never been before, but with that comes a unique challenge.

    Because in his home country, the Catholic Church is split. There is a fracture between Francis-loving Americans who want to see his legacy continue and the most conservative thread of the religion in that country who wants the flock to be led in a very different direction.

    A history of correcting JD Vance

    Before becoming pope, Robert Prevost liked to dabble on X.

    His posts and reposts offer some insight into where he stands on hot button issues that divide the US.

    Leo has reposted comments condemning the deportation of Kilmar Abrego Garcia, a man who remains in a prison in El Salvador despite having protected status in the US.

    When he was a cardinal, Prevost also reposted messages about gun reform and prayers for George Floyd, and posted his own about climate advocacy and promoting vaccinations.

    As a recent convert to Catholicism and a very high profile representative for the conservative wing of the Catholic Church in the US, Vance has been learning some hard lessons.

    He attempted to use the concept of "ordo amoris" to justify the current US immigration policy, telling Fox News it was only after those closest to us are cared for can we extend love to those abroad.

    He was quickly corrected by Francis, but even before the rare open letter from the Vatican, then-cardinal Prevost wrote: "JD Vance is wrong. Jesus doesn't ask us to rank our love for others."

    Vance has become a symbol of the most conservative thread in American Catholicism and his elevation to vice-president is seen as a victory for that movement.

    But that group of American Catholics had put their hope in conservative cardinals inside the conclave and wanted one of their own to emerge victorious. It was seen as a fight for the soul of the church.

    "Catholic conservatives … will be bitterly disappointed by this choice," Dr Balmer said.

    "Leo, as I understand it, was responsible for the placement and promotion of bishops in the church, which suggests to me that he was complicit in not elevating Jose Gomez, archbishop of Los Angeles, to the College of Cardinals.

    "Gomez is a staunch conservative, and Francis repeatedly passed him over in favour of other, more progressive bishops and archbishops."

    MAGA Catholics believe Prevost was involved in the dismissal of one of their favourite American bishops Joseph Strickland of Texas — one of Pope Francis's fiercest critics among US Catholic conservatives.   

    The reaction from the MAGA movement has been swift, with the most popular apparent insult so far being to label Leo a "woke pope".

    On Steve Bannon's War Room program, regular commentator and conservative Catholic Elizabeth Yore reacted the conclave's decision, saying: "This is a warning to Trump." 

    "Donald Trump has got now an American pope who speaks English, who is very pro-immigration.

    "It's obvious that there is a full-court press coming from the Catholic Church to lift up the globalist agenda with respect to deportation and migration."  

    Far-right activist Laura Loomer, who is Jewish and reportedly has the ear of the president, posted on X: "He is anti-Trump, anti-MAGA, pro-open Borders, and a total Marxist like Pope Francis. Catholics don't have anything good to look forward to."

    [LAURA LOOMER example]

    Some voices in America's ever-expanding Christian new media world however want to wait and see, hopeful the papal gowns will apply a rightward pressure to Leo.

    "The graces from that office could change him," said Jesse Romero, a Catholic podcaster on a platform called Virgin Most Powerful Radio.

    "Let this man start writing, start speaking, start teaching … people change, it's called conversion. Who is to say that a cardinal, a bishop, a priest cannot change and become holier and become orthodox."

    And for Americans who want to see progressive change in the Catholic Church, they have their own expectations of Leo.

    'We will take a wait-and-see attitude'

    Francis took the name of the patron saint of the poor. Leo has taken a name that was also used by someone who thought very deeply about social teachings.

    The last pope Leo had a papacy that lasted 25 years until his death in 1903. Throughout his time as pope, Pope Leo VIII wrote about the working class, in particular a letter called Rerum Novarum.

    The work is deeply philosophical and over 14,000 words, and in it he deals with the balance between capitalism and ownership, and fair pay for workers, even referencing the importance of unions.

    In his address on the balcony in Rome on Thursday, Leo said: "To all you brothers and sisters of Rome, Italy, of all the world, we want to be a synodal church, walking and always seeking peace, charity, closeness, especially to those who are suffering."

    Referencing synodality is a hint at Leo's intentions for his papacy.

    It is a term that suggests a more consultative approach inside the church: "In a synodal church, the whole community is called together to pray, listen, analyse, dialogue, discern and offer advice on making pastoral decisions which correspond as closely as possible to God's will."

    For traditionalist Catholics "as close as possible" is a deviation from the religion's rules.

    Just how far Leo will go when it comes to social inclusion is something American Catholics across the political spectrum will be watching very closely.

    Francis has a mixed legacy when it comes to giving women a greater role in the church. He made some changes, but failed to make any that altered the patriarchal structure of the church leadership.

    Decision-making and ministry roles still rest with men.

    Francis made profound statements on the inclusion of members of the LGBTQIA+ community, including his famous line: "If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?"

    Now a leading voice in the Catholic LGBTQIA+ community in the US has called for that legacy to continue.

    "Pope Francis opened the door to a new approach to LGBTQ+ people, Pope Leo must now … guide the church through that door," Francis DeBernardo from New Ways Ministry in Maryland said.

    "We are grateful that in his opening statement he said, 'We want to be a synodal church.' Inviting LGBTQ+ people to be part of that process will be a positive sign that Pope Leo wants a church of inclusion."

    Mr DeBernado referenced a New York Times article that noted in 2012, then-cardinal Prevost lamented "homosexual lifestyle" and "alternative families comprised of same-sex partners and their adopted children".

    "We pray that in the 13 years that have passed — 12 of which were under the papacy of Pope Francis — that his heart and mind have developed more progressively on LGBTQ+ issues, and we will take a wait-and-see attitude to see if that has happened," he said.

    Leo comes to the papacy at a time when the Catholic Church is growing in developing parts of the world, but when it is split in his country of birth. 

    From a young age, Prevost ascended to leadership roles within the Catholic Church.

    Now at just 69 years old, Leo "may have a quarter century or so to secure the changes he seeks in the church," Dr Balmer said.

    He has already called for unity, and for this pope that work will likely be hardest at home.


    ABC




    © 2025 ABC Australian Broadcasting Corporation. All rights reserved

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