Death, displacement, famine, and the collapse of most government and public infrastructure -- that's been the experience of the ongoing civil war in Sudan.
Since it began about 17 months ago, the United Nations estimates 7.9 million people have been internally displaced and 2.1 million have fled the country and about half of Sudan's population is now suffering from acute hunger.
Here are some of the key numbers that explain the war in Sudan, which was home to more than 50 million people.
17 months — How long the war has waged
For more than a year, the civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has been raging on.
Humanitarian groups have said the fighting between the SAF and the RSF came when Sudan was already experiencing high levels of need after the fall of authoritarian leader Omar al-Bashir in 2019.
Two years later, a military coup resulted in the dissolution of the transitional government, which was a precursor to war.
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights designated expert on Sudan, Radhouane Nouicer, said he had witnessed the impact of the conflict on the people of Sudan when he visited the country in July.
He said the human rights violations and other crimes of inter-communal violence have marked Sudan's history for decades.
"The lack of accountability for perpetrators of abuses continues to give a feeling of immunity to the authors of such violations," Mr Nouicer said.
"One of the triggers was the disagreement between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces over the security and military sector reform."
He said one of the issues was related to the political framework agreement signed in December 2022 to allow for a transition from military to civilian rule.
"Disputes arose in this context between the two sides regarding the integration of the RSF into SAF," he said.
"The power dispute escalated, culminating on 15 April, 2023, in a fierce fighting between the two parties."
The result of the ongoing war, Mr Noucier said, has been widespread destruction of Sudan's infrastructure.
It has led to the disruption of basic services, including water plants, electricity stations, and communications.
In the first half of the year, Sudan's annual inflation rate surged to 136.67 per cent.
"The economy has collapsed … The judicial system has nearly halted, and the security situation remains unstable," he said.
"The health and education systems have been decimated, with most health facilities out of service either due to attacks on the facilities or medical personnel."
22,596 — The estimated death toll
According to the non-profit Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), more than 22,000 people have died during the war.
However, there have been conflicting reports surrounding the number of fatalities since the beginning of the conflict.
The United Nations has estimated about 15,000 people have been killed since the war broke out, the Sudan Doctors Union have said that number is closer to about 40,000, while the United States special envoy has said it could be as high as 150,000.
"Human rights organisations might have different data on casualties based on their presence or the presence of their partners on the ground and how wide their networks are," Mr Nouicer said
"Some count only civilian casualties, while others may count both civilians and military casualties."
One of the names among the thousands who've lost their lives during the war is Azmi Siddeeg Jeylani — he died after the RSF invaded the south-eastern Sudan's city of Sinja.
The United Nations said in July more than 50,000 people fled the city as armed men were reportedly looting homes and raided the town.
Back in Australia, Maysoon Elnigoumi learned about her cousin's death and feared his body may never have been found.
She said the attack on Sinja came as a surprise to her family in Sudan.
"Everybody was in their homes, so when this happened people had to act quickly … Because what they know from experience is that what happens when a city falls in the hands of the RSF," she said.
The rest of her family living in Sinja left the city before the RSF attack but her cousin Azmi decided to stay behind. He was a carer for his mother who is immobile, and his older brother, who is visually impaired.
"He made sure that they could evacuate ahead of him, and because the first thing the RSF does is confiscate cars and [so you] had to evacuate on foot," she said.
Days after the attack, Ms Elnigoumi said other travellers found him on the brink of death.
"Turns out that I think while [RSF] beat him on his stomach, they ruptured something there, and it caused sepsis, and so he died along the road," she said.
"There were some fellow travellers with them, and he just managed to say his full name. He told them he has a cousin in a village nearby tell her that I'm the that I'm dying, and they buried him along the road."
25 million — Those suffering from acute hunger
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, the global standard for measuring food insecurity, have said about 25.6 million people are facing acute hunger in Sudan.
"More than half of the population faces historic levels of acute hunger, with the situation especially critical for people trapped in conflict-affected areas, particularly Aj Jazirah, Darfur, Khartoum and Kordofan," a UN spokesperson said.
Currently, there are about 750,000 people facing starvation in Sudan.
Famine was declared in the Zamzam camp, which has sheltered hundreds of thousands of displaced people in Sudan's north Darfur region, according to the World Food Programme.
In February, humanitarian agency Médecins Sans Frontières said a child died every two hours in the Zamzam camp.
Mr Abbas, from the Sudan Doctors Union, said unless there was a stop to the fighting the numbers of people experiencing starvation and famine would continue to increase.
"The situation in Darfur is getting worse, and it is even worse than in 2003 when it was rightfully described as a humanitarian crisis requiring the intervention by the United Nations Security Council," Mr Abbas said.
"Famine and hunger is a real, real issue. It is a humanitarian issue that needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency."
$2.1 billion — Aid that Sudan has received
Since April last year, the Australian government has provided about $33.45 million in aid to Sudan.
However, a spokesperson for the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said the international community has not done enough for the people of Sudan.
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said $2.142 billion in humanitarian funding received by Sudan since the war began represented under 50 per cent of the funding required.
"Not only in funding the response, but in bringing sufficient political pressure to bring this conflict to an end," the spokesperson said.
"The urgent priority right now is to stop a large-scale famine from taking hold in Sudan."
Ahmed Abbas, a spokesperson for the Sudan Doctors' Union, said about 80 per cent of hospitals and medical centres in Sudan were no longer operational.
He also said he was aware of at least 22 hospitals that have been targeted by both the Sudanese Armed Forces, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.
"The rest are just providing very basic medical emergencies and covering medical needs, and these hospitals regularly run short of water and electricity supplies," he said.
Mr Abbas added he was concerned that some of the aid being sent to Sudan was not reaching people.
"Some of the aid which has been targeted to areas are under the control of the RSF, has been confiscated by the RSF and directed either to their soldiers or to the black market," he said.
"This is why we have been calling since the beginning of the war, that the aid should be distributed by international organisations which are operating on the ground locally in Sudan, in collaboration with the Sudanese NGOs."
10 million — Those who have fled their homes
The bulk of those who've left their home since the beginning of the war have been internally displaced, while more than two million people have fled Sudan — mostly to neighbouring countries.
Chad has taken in the most Sudanese refugees with more than 600,000 people, while Egypt and South Sudan have roughly taken in the same number of people combined.
The Department of Home Affairs has issued 227 permanent visas to Sudanese nationals under Australia's offshore humanitarian program since the war broke out.
While, there has been 565 temporary visas granted to Sudanese citizens between April 2023 and July 31, 2024.
One of those Sudanese nationals granted a visa in Australia was Ghada Shawgi.
Before the beginning of the war, she had been working to support the country's transition toward democratic rule.
She was travelling abroad when the fighting started in Sudan and has been unable to return.
"I'm stuck. I'm really stuck for more than one year now. It wasn't my decision. It wasn't my choice," she told the ABC.
Ms Shawgi has felt the impact of the war despite being almost 12,000 km away. She has lost relatives, while others have disappeared. She doesn't know if they are alive or dead.
"We don't know about their whereabouts. People lost their lives like my own mum, relatives have been killed," she said.
"We tried to get [my mum] to travel abroad or in a safe place. We couldn't at that point in time, the fighting was very intense …then [she died] because she was old and sick and she couldn't have her proper health care."
Her home in Khartoum has been looted, and her family scattered. She said she was unsure what her future holds.
"My immediate family is displaced to another country. And we don't know what will happen next," she said.
"We lost everything. We lost our assets. We lost our resources, our money in the banks back home, even our house."
