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Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto's election victory last year came with a dramatic rebrand.
Once known for his military past, Prabowo, who is more commonly referred to by his first name, reinvented himself as a cuddly grandfather figure, dancing on social media and cuddling cats to charm younger voters.
It worked. After spending almost 20 years running for president, he finally won.
Now the Indonesian president is marking one year in office.
The milestone comes as hundreds of protesters, activists and students remain behind bars following country-wide protests in August.
For many older Indonesians, it is a reminder of Prabowo's past.
As a former military commander, the Indonesian president was accused of involvement in the kidnapping and torture of pro-democracy activists in the late 1990s, and of alleged human rights abuses in East Timor and Papua.
He has consistently denied these claims.
Protests over entitlements fuel arrests
In August, crowds initially took to the streets over parliamentary perks and entitlements, after reports emerged that MPs were receiving a housing allowance of 50 million rupiah ($4,739) per month to stay in the capital.
That is about 20 times the monthly minimum wage in impoverished areas of Indonesia.
The demonstrations intensified after the death of rideshare driver Affan Kurniawan, who was struck by an armoured police vehicle during an anti-government rally in Jakarta on August 28.
The protests became a movement calling for systemic change to policing, along with democratic and economic reforms.
At least 10 people were killed across the country, including students allegedly involved in clashes with police.
At the time, Prabowo labelled some protest actions as "treason and terrorism".
Indonesian authorities have launched a crackdown ever since.
Police Criminal Investigation Agency chief commissioner general Syahardiantono said officers have charged 959 people with various offences.
Of those arrested, 295 are students or young people.
While some of those arrested have been released, though they remain suspects, civil society organisations said around 600 protesters are still being held across the country.
Families worry about loved ones behind bars
One of them is Ahmad Faiz Yusuf, known as Faiz, a student in East Java and a literacy activist.
His mother, Imro'atin, still remembers when six burly men, later identifying themselves as local police, entered her home looking for Faiz on September 21.
"At first, they asked to see my son's phone … then they went into his room and tore it apart. I don't know what they were looking for," she told the ABC.
"I didn't even get a chance to read the search warrant. The way they searched — like robbers — left me in shock."
Police seized Faiz's phone, laptop, two books, a diary, and five protest posters.
That same day, Faiz was taken to the station for questioning as a witness and he has not returned home since.
Police initially charged him with incitement, but later switched to a charge under the Information and Electronic Transaction Law (ITE) for allegedly spreading false information.
Kediri City Police criminal investigation chief, Commissioner Cipto Dwi Laksono, said Faiz was named a suspect based on evidence and expert opinion.
But Ms Imro'atin believes her son is innocent. She says that while his friends, Sam Umar and Bima, led the protest in Kediri, "Faiz didn't join the protest".
"If he reposted a call [to protest] in social media, I think that's normal," she said.
'I feel like my child is being oppressed'
Delpedro Marhaen is a young activist and executive director of the Lokataru Foundation, a legal and human rights NGO, who has been held by police in Jakarta for a month.
Police said Delpedro was arrested on suspicion of "inciting violence".
"DMR is suspected of inciting criminal acts and/or spreading electronic information he knew to be false, causing unrest and anxiety in the community, and/or recruiting and exploiting minors," said Jakarta Police spokesperson Commissioner Ade Ary Syam Indradi.
Delpedro, along with his family and the Lokataru Foundation, denied the claim.
"It's unimaginable [to see my child in prison]," Delpedro's mother, Magda Antista Timprihatini, said, half-sobbing.
"I feel like my child is being oppressed … I know he's not guilty. I’m certain he’s not guilty.
"He was only defending the people with what he did."
Delpedro’s brother, Delpiero Hegelian Rismansyah, said that at first glance this "might only be about Delpedro" or other activists who were arrested, but "it's more than that".
"This is part of civil space being narrowed, so fear will emerge," he said.
"We're worried, not just about Delpedro, but also about the future of other young activist friends, the future of students, who are directly affected by government policies."
He said beyond the desire for his brother to be released, "I hope for justice that is as clear as daylight".
Reminders of the past
Many are drawing parallels between the recent arrests and Indonesia's New Order era under former president Suharto, who stepped down following the 1998 student-led protests.
Prabowo Subianto is Suharto's former son-in-law and was a military commander during the 1998 protests.
He was allegedly involved in the forced disappearance of activists.
Andrie Yunus is the external affairs coordinator at KontraS, a leading Indonesian human rights organisation focused on investigating enforced disappearances and acts of violence.
Mr Yunus said the current situation feels "like stepping into a time tunnel".
"Even though I wasn't born during the New Order era or when KontraS was first established in March 1998, … through stories and conversations with senior activists, and re-reading documents published in 1998–1999, it feels like we're going back to the New Order era," he said.
"Human rights violations continue to happen and repeat, and what makes it feel like we’re back in that dark tunnel is that KontraS is still assisting victims of the 1998 riots … cases of forced disappearances that remain unresolved.
"We're still supporting their families."
This is also felt by Maria Catarina Sumarsih, whose son Wawan was killed during the 1998 protests.
"I tell young people that 1998 is the same as the current situation; back then, many 1998 children were also arrested," she said.
"Now many young people who criticise government policies are being silenced, disappeared, even put in detention at regional police stations."
"It's like back being in the [Suharto] era, an authoritarian, militaristic government."
Youth dissatisfaction
Maria Sumarsih is a key figure in the Kamisan, a weekly human-rights protest carried out in front of the National Palace in Jakarta.
They have been calling for historic human rights violations in Indonesia to be resolved.
At the protest, young students were voicing their frustrations with the Prabowo government.
Exit polls showed a large majority of Generation Z voted for Prabowo and his running mate, former president Joko Widodo's son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka.
Rey, a student at Universitas Indonesia, said he felt many of his friends were angry at the government, especially in the wake of protests in August.
"I feel many of my friends who chose Prabowo as president regret their choice," he said.
"Because of many things, military law revisions, parliamentary salary increases, these have become examples that the government doesn't care about its people, just themselves."
And this youth dissatisfaction has not stopped there.
Indonesian NGO CELIOS, Centre of Economic and Law Studies, said that young people are disappointed with the Prabowo administration, after his campaign promise to deliver 19 million jobs hasn't materialised.
About 16 per cent of young people are unemployed in Indonesia.
"So the young generations who voted for Prabowo have become dissatisfied with the current economic policies," CELIOS executive director Bhima Yudhistira Adhinegara said.
"Finding a job is very difficult right now; many fresh graduates are turning to the gig economy because they can't find employment in the formal sector."
"Their expectations from the campaign aren't being met."
Flagship program under fire
At a separate protest in Jakarta, mothers and young women came to the headquarters of the National Nutrition Agency (BGN) to voice their anger over Prabowo's free school meals program.
The signature policy of the president, which initially aimed to address childhood stunting by providing free school lunches to Indonesian kids, has received considerable criticism in recent months.
Thousands of children across many provinces have fallen sick with food poisoning, with some estimates putting the number of food poisoning cases above 10,000.
Many NGOs are calling for a moratorium on the program while food safety issues are addressed.
Prabowo has defended the program, saying that the poisoning cases accounted for only 0.00017 per cent of total beneficiaries, while ordering stricter food safety measures to be put in place.
Ririn Sefsani from Mother's Voice Indonesia, who was protesting at the BGN headquarters, said she was disgusted by Prabowo's remarks.
"When the president said that figure, it confirmed and convinced me that the president not only lacks a human rights perspective but doesn't have empathy towards the people," she said.
With Prabowo facing mounting scrutiny after one year in office, Ms Imro'atin and Ms Prihatini, like hundreds of families whose children remain in police custody, said there was one demand the president can act on: release their children.
"The government says it wants a golden generation, but on the other hand, children are being criminalised like this," Ms Imro'atin said, adding that detained students risk dropping out of school.
"So what does this government really want? Do they want our children to have no future?"
